Operative Cholangiography

abdomen acute pancreatic air bubbles amounts of dye ampulla anomalous appears arrow biliary tract carcinoma cassette cause cent centre Chapter Chir clear common bile duct common duct common hepatic duct completely containing Control cholangiogram cystic duct demonstrated described diagnosis dilated direct duct Figure duct stricture duodenal papilla duodenum enter experience exploration exposure fact false filling defect findings further gall bladder graphy head hepatic duct Hess important increasing indicate injected inserted interpretation intrahepatic junction lead liver malignant necessary needle normal Note obstructive jaundice obtained occur opened operative cholangiogram operative cholangiography palpable pancreas pancreatic duct patient performed placed polyethylene tube portion position possible post-cholecystectomy post-operative present procedure puncture radiographs radiologist REFERENCES removed reported right hepatic duct routine saline seen serial radiographs shown shows side situated sphincter stage stones Surg surgeon surgery T-tube taken technique third tunnel usually wall x-ray